Vocabulary

Depth of Field (shallow and wide)-the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp on an image.

Light (angle and intensity)-element that makes things visble.

Shadows-A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

Diffusion-a refraction of light or an erratic display of light passing through an element (scattering

Exposure-the among of light allowed to fall on each other area of a photograph.

Aperture (f-stop)-the opening that allows light to pass through a lens and reach the camera sensor.

Shutter speed-the length of time the shutter of the camera is open.

ISO-the sensitivity to light of a camera's sensor.

Types of lenses - 
Telephoto-Zoom
Prime(fixed)-No zoom , more detail
Wide angle-Wider

News Value of the photo is also important - news value terms include:

Timelines-Just Happen

Proximity-Location

Conflict-Problem

Human Interest-Who is it

Prominence-

Impact-

Novelty-